Analysis of Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Examination Results in Patients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a polymicrobial infection of the upper genital tract that can lead to serious complications such as infertility due to tubal damage, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Diagnosing PID is often challenging because its symptoms are nonspecific and there is no single accurate laboratory marker. One biomarker that has increasingly gained attention is the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as an indicator of systemic inflammation. This literature review aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of NLR in patients with PID through an analysis of clinical and mechanistic studies. Literature searches were conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The results show that NLR is significantly elevated in patients with PID compared to healthy controls, reflecting the predominance of acute inflammatory processes characterized by increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes due to immunological stress. The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is an accurate inflammatory marker with high sensitivity and specificity; it is simple, inexpensive, and accessible through routine blood tests, making it a potentially valuable diagnostic tool for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).