Maxillary recontouring in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major: A case for virtual surgical planning and navigation

Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT), historically known as β-thalassemia major, is a monogenic disorder characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and progressive skeletal deformity due to expansion of the bone marrow. Maxillofacial changes, including midfacial hyperplasia and malocclusion, result from chronic anemia-driven extramedullary hematopoiesis and can lead to significant functional and psychosocial morbidity. While systemic therapies continue to evolve, few reports describe modern surgical correction of craniofacial deformities. We present a digitally planned, guide-assisted maxillary recontouring in a patient with TDT and severe maxillary hyperplasia, emphasizing the role of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and intraoperative navigation. • Case of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia with severe maxillary hyperplasia. • Digitally planned, guide-assisted maxillary recontouring performed successfully. • Virtual surgical planning enabled precision in craniofacial deformity correction. • Intraoperative navigation improved accuracy despite compromised bone quality.