Hybrid approach in the management of arteriovenous fistula complications

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis due to its durability and low risk of infection. Nevertheless, it can present various complications, such as stenosis, thrombosis, aneurysm, or steal syndrome. Conventional management relies on either surgical or endovascular techniques. Recently, a hybrid approach combining both modalities has emerged as an effective strategy, particularly for complex cases. This article reviews the indications, techniques, and benefits of hybrid management for AVF complications.