A bibliometric analysis of detection methods for clandestine graves in the context of human rights violations

The detection of clandestine graves is a critical task in forensic science, particularly in contexts of armed conflict, human rights violations, and organised crime. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on clandestine grave detection published between 1996 and 2024, using Scopus as the primary data source. A total of 187 peer-reviewed publications were analysed through bibliometric indicators and visualization techniques, including co-occurrence and network analysis. The most prolific authors, institutions, countries, journals, and thematic trends were identified. Geophysical methods, particularly Ground Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography, alongside forensic approaches such as volatile organic compounds detection and drone technology, have emerged as key techniques. Collaboration analysis highlights strong international networks, notably involving Keele University in the United Kingdom and several Latin American universities. However, regional disparities and underrepresentation of some conflict-affected regions persist in the literature. The study concludes by identifying research gaps and proposing directions for future interdisciplinary research.