Indel Polymorphisms in Some Genes In Cattle

AbstractInsertion–Deletion (InDel) polymorphisms are structural genetic variations resulting from the insertion or deletion of one or more base pairs in the DNA sequence. In cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), these polymorphisms are widely distributed across the genome and can occur in promoters, exons, introns, and 5′ or 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), where they may influence gene expression, mRNA stability, protein structure, and ultimately phenotypic traits. Recent research has demonstrated that InDel polymorphisms play significant roles in economically important traits in cattle, including growth performance, body conformation, carcass composition, milk yield, reproductive traits, and disease resistance. Therefore, InDels represent a promising category of molecular markers for modern cattle breeding programs, supporting precision breeding and sustainable livestock production. Key Words: indel polymorphism, cattle genetics, molecular markers, cattle