Paraneoplastic Guillain barre syndrome complicating lung adenocarcinoma: A case report

Paraneoplastic Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to an underlying malignancy. This article presents a case of paraneoplastic GBS associated with lung adenocarcinoma and discusses the diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes. A 77-year-old male patient with a history of chronic smoking presented with thoracic pain, declining general condition, muscle weakness, and sensory disturbances. Diagnostic evaluations, including laboratory investigations, imaging studies, and lumbar puncture, were performed. The patient was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma complicated by a paraneoplastic syndrome based on clinical presentation, imaging findings, and pathology results. Treatment involved high-dose heparin and prednisone, followed by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy. Unfortunately, the patient's condition deteriorated, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Comparing this case with previous reports in the literature, similarities and differences in clinical features, management, and outcomes are highlighted. The association between paraneoplastic GBS and lung adenocarcinoma underscores the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer patients. Further research is needed to enhance understanding of the underlying mechanisms and optimize diagnostic and treatment approaches for this complex condition.