Modeling Drone Deliveries Using Petri Nets: An Evaluation on Collision Recovery and Energy Efficiency

The growing adoption of drones for goods delivery has emerged as a potentially viable solution. By operating through aerial routes, drones significantly reduce delivery times and expand operational reach. However, covering large areas requires prolonged flights, leading to high battery consumption and an increased risk of collisions, particularly in densely populated regions. This study presents a Stochastic Petri Net model to evaluate drone performance, focusing on metrics such as utilization, delivery rate, mean mission time, and drop probability. Additionally, energy consumption and carbon footprint metrics were investigated to assess the environmental impact of drone operations. The model incorporates factors such as strategic recharging points and collision probability, providing insights into drone performance under high-demand scenarios.