Formulation and evaluation of anti-inflammatory topical polyherbal gel

NSAIDs are widely used to treat inflammation, but their long-term use can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. This has led to growing interest in natural products that offer anti-inflammatory benefits with fewer side effects. The present study aimed to develop a polyherbal gel containing hydroalcoholic extracts of Berberis aristata root, Rubia cordifolia root, and Boswellia serrata gum, using Carbopol 934 and propylene glycol. A 3² factorial design was applied, considering polymer and penetration enhancer concentrations as variables, while viscosity and drug release served as responses. Nine formulations were prepared, and the optimised gel was selected through a desirability-based overlay plot. The final formulation showed a viscosity of 39,568 m. Pas and contained 0.48 mg berberine, 0.42 mg rubiadin, and 0.51 mg AKBA. In vivo and histopathology results indicated strong anti-inflammatory activity.