The Digital Economy: Structural Transformation, Global Expansion, and Policy Implications (2010–2025)

This paper analyses the structural evolution of the digital economy from 2010 to 2025, examining the rise of platformisation, digital trade, automation, AI-driven productivity, and cross-border data flows. It investigates how digital transformation reshapes market structures, employment dynamics, and global competitiveness. The study highlights widening digital divides between regions, the accelerating concentration of digital power among global technology firms, and the implications for regulatory frameworks, competition policy, and inclusive development. Policy recommendations focus on digital infrastructure, innovation systems, upskilling, and governance strategies to ensure equitable and sustainable digital growth.