Predictive Model of Health Behavior in Pesticide Use among Horticultural Farmers in West Sumatra

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to develop a predictive model to explain the direct and indirect determinants of health behavior in pesticide use among horticultural farmers in Solok Regency, West Sumatra. The Precede-Proceed Model and Theory of Planned Behavior were applied. Methods: We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study in 2024 using PLS-SEM analysis. Data were collected through validated questionnaires from 200 horticultural farmers. Reflective measurement and structural model analyses were applied. Results: The modified model shows that intention, government role, knowledge, and the PPE availability significantly determine health behavior in pesticide use (p ≤ .05), with intention having the strongest effect (β = 0.662). Intention emerged as the most influential determinant of health behavior in pesticide use, mediating the effects of knowledge, government involvement, and PPE availability. The intention could modify the negative effect of knowledge on behavior into a positive influence. The model explained ˜ 66.8% of the differences in how people behave, a strong result. We found no overlap or confusion between the factors studied; each factor gave us clear, separate insights (VIF<5). Conclusion: Strengthening farmers’ intention to adopt safe and sustainable practices should be the focus of health-oriented interventions.