SEEING IS DECEIVING: THE ROLE OF VISUAL IMAGES IN THE SPREAD OF MISINFORMATION ON SECURITY ISSUES

Research Problem: This study addresses the lack of empirical research on how security-related visual misinformation influences public perception in the specific socio-political context of Nigeria. Methods/Theory: Anchored on Social Cognitive Theory, this quantitative study surveyed 312 Nigerian social media users to analyse how the theory's core tenets are amplified by visual media. Results: Findings indicate high public concern over visual misinformation, with news websites and user-generated content as primary sources. Exposure significantly increased fear, anxiety, and distrust in official communications. Conclusion: The proliferation of false visual images profoundly impacts how Nigerians perceive security. The phenomenon is a cognitive and behavioural challenge, not merely an informational one. Key Contribution to Knowledge: This paper provides the first empirical analysis of visual misinformation's impact on security perceptions in Nigeria, offering crucial local insights into vulnerabilities and mitigation. Recommendation: The study advocates for a multi-stakeholder approach, including enhanced national media literacy, improved fact-checking infrastructure, and adaptive regulation to defend public safety.