Influence of Air Temperature on Extreme Precipitation in Poland: A Clausius–Clapeyron Based Analysis (1960–2020)

Abstract This study investigates the thermodynamic relationship between air temperatureand extreme daily precipitation in Poland, using the Kołobrzeg meteorologicalstation (ID 354150100) as a case study. By combining empirical meteorologicaldata (reference period 1960–1965 vs. modern period 2018–2019) with thetheoretical framework of the Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) relation, the researchevaluates whether the observed warming trend translates into an intensification ofrainfall extremes. The analysis confirms a positive scaling rate, consistent with thetheoretical expectation of ~7% increase in water vapor holding capacity per degreeCelsius. These findings provide the physical justification for the previouslyestablished k-coefficient method and support the necessity of updating IntensityDuration-Frequency (IDF) curves for urban flood resilience. [email protected]