Current ruminant feeding practices in N'Djamena livestock markets

In the context of rapid urbanization in Chad, the livestock markets of N'Djamena play a central role in the commercialization of ruminants. The deterioration of animal body condition during transportation to these markets makes on-site feeding essential to optimize their market value. This study aims to analyze current ruminant feeding practices in six livestock markets of N'Djamena to assess their effectiveness and propose avenues for improvement. A survey was conducted between July and October 2024 involving 50 randomly selected feed traders. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics (Excel, Student's t-test). The results show that the majority of feed sellers are men (68%), with an average age of 42.4 years, and a high illiteracy rate (78%). The main feed types used include oilseed cakes (cottonseed and groundnut), cereal bran, peanut and cowpea haulms, sorghum stalks, and various types of straw. These feeds are primarily sourced from Moundou and the outskirts of N'Djamena. Distribution is collective, often using half-barrels (67%). Sheep (42.5%) and cattle (40%) are the most commonly fed species. A total of 97.5% of respondents consider the feeds effective, particularly the concentrates (cakes and bran), which promote rapid fattening and faster animal sales. Major constraints identified include the lack of feed preservation techniques (60%), the high cost of concentrates (40%), and insufficient storage infrastructure (30%). Feeding practices in N'Djamena's markets rely on locally available resources, combining concentrates with coarse forages. Despite their effectiveness, feed accessibility and preservation remain major challenges. It is recommended to develop appropriate storage infrastructures, train stakeholders, and secure peri-urban supply chains.