THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND NUTRITION IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Introduction and Purpose: Alzheimer’s disease is a developing public health concern with significant social and economic interference. Given the limited capability of current drug therapies, attention is shifting to the preventive strategies. The goal of this article is to review the evidence supporting multimodal lifestyle interventions—combining physical activity, dietary changes, and cognitive stimulation—as effective methods for reducing the risk and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Materials and Methods: This narrative review draws upon recent clinical studies, meta-analyses, and guidelines related to non-pharmacological interventions for Alzheimer’s disease. Sources include peer-reviewed articles focusing on physical exercise, dietary patterns, nutrient supplementation, and their combined impact on cognitive health. Results: Evidence indicates that regular physical activity—especially aerobic and resistance training—supports memory, executive function, and cognitive performance, even in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Malnutrition is common in individuals with AD due to factors such as poor appetite, swallowing difficulties, and behavioral symptoms. Deficiencies in B vitamins, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids are frequently observed and linked to faster cognitive decline. Tailored nutritional interventions, including adequate protein and caloric intake, may help stabilize cognitive and functional outcomes. Conclusion: Multimodal lifestyle interventions—including regular physical activity, brain-healthy diets, and targeted nutritional support—offer a promising strategy for the prevention and management of Alzheimer’s disease. These approaches enhance cognitive function, address modifiable risk factors, and are most effective when implemented early and tailored to individual needs. Integrating such strategies into clinical care and public health policies could play a crucial role in reducing the future burden of Alzheimer’s disease.