Antimicrobial Efficacy of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles in Endodontics: A Systematic Review

Abstract The removal of polymicrobial biofilms from root canals is necessary for successful endodontics. Due to their antimicrobial properties, biosynthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered interest as potential endodontic irrigants. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of previous studies on the evaluation of biosynthesised AgNPs as root canal irrigants. Without regard to the publication schedule, a thorough search was conducted up to January 2025 across the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases. This review only included English-language articles. Endodontics, biosynthesised AgNPs, green-synthesised AgNPs, AgNPs generated from fungi, antimicrobial, antibacterial and root canal irrigants were amongst the free phrases used in the first database search. Seven in vitro studies out of the 121 that were first found and vetted by the inclusion criteria were featured in this review. These research conclusions show that the antibacterial activity of biosynthesised AgNPs varies depending on several variables. It was concluded that AgNPs, or biosynthesised AgNPs, have demonstrated antibacterial properties in the reviewed research and may be utilised as endodontic irrigants. However, potential adverse effects such as toxicity to recipient cells, impact on apical tissues and the potential for root dentine discolouration must be considered when converting these findings into in vivo applications.