Entrepreneurial Intention Among Thai Engineering Students: A SEM-Based TPB: Extension with Entrepreneurial Policy and Entrepreneurial Network Relations

Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this is the first study that integrates Entrepreneurial Policy (EPL) and Entrepreneurial Network Relations (ENR) to examine the direct and indirect effects on entrepreneurial intention (INT) in Thailand. The quantitative method employs a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze 420 valid samples from eight universities. Model fix with χ2 = 183.31, df = 224 p = 0.98 GFI = 0.97 AGFI = 0.95 RMR = 0.031 RMSEA = 0.000. The results showed EPL has the most direct influence on (INT) β = 0.38, like ENR, which indirectly shapes (INT) through attitude and self-efficacy. The model’s R2 of 0.69 highlights the significance of policy support and social networks in (INT). The findings provide theoretical contributions and practical implications. Theoretically, expanding TPB by incorporating policy and social network dimensions offers a comprehensive understanding of entrepreneurial behavior. Universities integrate entrepreneurship education and innovation into engineering curricula and implement these concepts in other faculties or institutions. Government agencies support startup policy funds, tax incentives, and innovation hubs. Industries can establish a mentorship network to promote entrepreneurial intention and reduce graduate unemployment. Support both the ecosystem and innovative commercialization.