Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator-Powered Lunar Rover for Exploration of Permanently Dark Regions at the Moon's South Pole

This paper outlines a study focused on the utilisation of a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) to provide continuous power for a lunar rover tasked with exploring the perpetually shadowed regions of the Lunar South Pole. The RTG is a novel European design utilising americium-241 as a source of roughly 200W of heat and 10W of electrical power. A thermal design for a Lunar rover platform is presented in two configurations, one using only the electrical power from the RTG and the other using both the heat and electrical power. Thermal analysis has been conducted for key mission thermal environments; an enveloping hot case at the south pole in direct sunlight, an enveloping cold case in a permanently shadowed region, stowed on a Lunar lander and under a launcher fairing. A number of design iterations are explored including modifying the RTGs position and orientation, including ground and sun shields, utilising various optical finishes and coupling the RTG into the rover's dedicated radiators. This preliminary rover design paves the way for extended exploration missions in areas that would otherwise be inaccessible due to limited sunlight and contributes to the advancement of lunar exploration strategies, emphasising the importance of innovative thermal and power solutions for future planetary missions.