Participatory health innovation for stunting prevention: A multi-strategy community engagement model in rural Indonesia

Stunting is a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas. Conventional top-down nutritional interventions often overlook community engagement and cultural integration aspects. This study explored participatory health innovation using multiple community-based strategies for stunting prevention. To examine how participatory activities involving local women, youth, and health cadres can foster innovative and sustainable practices for nutrition and health education related to stunting prevention. This qualitative participatory action research was conducted in a rural village in East Java, Indonesia. Three key activities were implemented: (1) a TOGA (Tanaman Obat Keluarga)-based (Family Herbal Gardens) healthy food innovation competition involving six community groups; (2) a gamification-based stunting education activity using a life-sized board game with mother–child pairs; and (3) an anemia awareness session targeting adolescent girls. Data were collected through observations, photo documentation, reflective notes, and product evaluation rubrics. The TOGA competition produced 12 creative food innovations using moringa, katuk, and spinach, demonstrating high community engagement and localized application of nutrition knowledge. The gamified learning activity successfully promoted intergenerational health communication and behavioral awareness through play. Anemia education stimulated critical inquiry among adolescent girls, indicating increased health consciousness. Across all activities, the participants demonstrated ownership, creativity, and active engagement. Participatory health innovation rooted in local culture and knowledge can foster empowerment and sustainable engagement for stunting prevention. This model offers a replicable framework for community-based public health interventions that are aligned with national strategies and SDG 2.2.