Urinothorax: A rare cause of pleural effusion

An unusual cause of pleural effusion is the presence of urine in the pleural cavity, also known as Urinothorax. We present here a case arising after placement of a double J catheter. Biochemical analysis of the pleural fluid strongly suggested this diagnosis. Treatment, including therapeutic thoracentesis and management of the underlying uropathy, resolved the problem. It is essential to bear in mind this rare diagnosis when pleural effusion occurs after urological surgery. Further studies are needed to define precise diagnostic criteria.