A Critical Examination of Western Happiness-Oriented Theories Within the Framework of Islamic Ethics

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This paper critically examines Western, happiness-oriented theories through the framework of Islamic ethics. It aims to compare the conceptualization and pursuit of happiness in the works of Greek philosophers (Plato, Aristotle) and contemporary Western thinkers (Marcuse, Rand) with the perspectives of Muslim philosophers (Fārābī, Ibn Miskawayh, Ṭūsī).METHOD & FINDING: Using an analytical-descriptive approach, the study conducts a comparative analysis of the concept of happiness in selected philosophical traditions. The findings reveal that each thinker offers distinct interpretations of human nature, collective life, and the relationship with transcendence. Additionally, the influence of the socio-economic and cultural context of the contemporary West on happiness is highlighted. In contrast, Muslim philosophers present a more holistic view, linking happiness to spirituality and moral transcendence. CONCLUSION: The study concludes by emphasizing the need to revisit and revive certain concepts proposed by Muslim philosophers in the modern world. Reintegrating these Islamic perspectives could address the shortcomings of Western theories in defining and achieving human happiness.