Clinical Presentation of Infectious Mononucleosis Among. Young Adults in India: A Review of Diagnostic Criteria and Common Misdiagnoses

Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) is a self-limiting lymphoproliferative disease caused by Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults. India shows a rising trend in EBV-related illnesses, attributed to improved viral detection rates and changing exposure patterns. Young adults often present late due to nonspecific initial symptoms such as mild fever and throat discomfort, causing IM to be confused with locally prevalent infections. Misdiagnosis may result in unnecessary antibiotics, delayed recovery, and complications such as splenomegaly or hepatitis. This review summarizes hallmark clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and common misdiagnoses based on contemporary Indian data.