Analytical Methods for Quantification of Ketoconazole and Zinc Pyrithione in Shampoos and Other Dosage Forms: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Ketoconazole and zinc pyrithione (ZPTO) are widely utilized antifungal agents in various topical and pharmaceutical formulations including shampoos, creams, gels, and tablets. Robust and validated analytical methods are crucial for ensuring their quality, efficacy, and regulatory compliance. This comprehensive review presents an integrated perspective on developments in chromatographic, spectroscopic, and titrimetric analytical methods for these drugs, highlighting advances in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) alongside alternative techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, complexometric titration, and LC-MS/MS. Emphasis is placed on method development, validation parameters aligned with ICH and USP guidelines, sample preparation challenges especially in complex matrices like shampoos, and the evolving landscape across different dosage forms. This review serves as a valuable resource for pharmaceutical researchers, quality control analysts, and regulatory professionals involved in the analysis of ketoconazole and zinc pyrithione.