User-centered development of internet- and mobile-based interventions for sexual problems and well-being: insights from a qualitative study

Background: Sexual problems and well-being are critical areas of mental health that remain under-addressed in traditional psychotherapeutic settings. From a patient’s view, reasons include feelings of discomfort and fear of stigma. Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) may offer a way to reach this population and provide necessary support. Thus far, few studies investigated IMIs for sexual problems, mostly targeting specific disorders, like erectile dysfunction or vaginismus. This study aimed to identify the key requirements for developing an IMI for a broader range of sexual problems and sexual well-being from the perspective of potential users. Method: To gather insights into user needs and preferences, we conducted 13 semi-structured interviews with adult participants in Germany that reported to have sexual problems. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Categories were established deductively-inductively from transcribed interview records. Our theory-based interview schedule informed the initial deductive coding system, while inductive categories emerged through multiple review rounds of the interview transcripts by all researchers. We also ensured inter-rater reliability. Results: Key findings revealed that expert knowledge and destigmatization are crucial components for a potential IMI for sexual problems and well-being. Preferred content topics included communication, dealing with sexualized violence, and sexual preferences. While most participants were open to using a potential IMI with their partners and preferred on-demand professional support, the study also highlighted the importance of avoiding insensitivity and inappropriate content related to sexual abuse. Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of developing an IMI targeting sexual problems that is inclusive, responsive to diverse user needs, and adaptable to various psychotherapeutic contexts.