Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Metal-Based Nanoparticles in Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by excessive keratinocyte proliferation and the formation of erythematous, scaly plaques. Despite the availability of conventional therapies such as corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs and systemic immunomodulators, their limited efficacy, adverse effects and poor patient adherence highlight the need for innovative treatment approaches. Recent advances in nanotechnology, particularly the development of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs), have opened new avenues for targeted and efficient psoriasis management. MNPs — including gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), zinc oxide (ZnONPs) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 NPs) — possess unique physicochemical features, such as high surface-to-volume ratio and localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which enhance drug solubility, stability and site-specific delivery. These nanoparticles can effectively penetrate psoriatic lesions, attenuate inflammation, regulate immune mediators and reduce oxidative stress while minimizing systemic exposure. Furthermore, MNPs exhibit inherent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, making them suitable candidates for topical formulations such as creams, gels and nano-lotions. Although promising preclinical findings support their therapeutic potential, comprehensive clinical studies are still required to validate their safety, pharmacokinetics and long-term outcomes. Overall, metal-based nanocarriers represent a transformative strategy for improving therapeutic precision and patient compliance in psoriasis management.