LGBTQI+ public transport rider harassment experiences and anti-violence strategy recommendations

LGBTQI+ public transport (PT) riders face elevated rates of violence based on gender, sexual orientation, and visible “queerness.” People who are transgender, non-binary, and have intersectional marginalised identities are especially at risk of violence. The current study evaluates data from focus groups and interviews with 25 LGBTQI+ women (cisgender and transgender) and non-binary individuals. We adapted reflexive thematic analysis to a systems theory framework for deep engagement with the dataset and to evaluate interconnected elements of a dynamic and layered PT security environment for practical solutions. Our analysis generated an overarching theme of a PT collective safety agreement that draws its safety/security strength from community relationships and partnerships. Three supporting themes reflect areas participants described as necessary for creating a PT environment where they can ride free from harassment, fear, and violence: behavioural expectations, inclusive communication, and PT authority responsibilities. Applied in a systems framework, we evaluated the overarching theme as a system that requires PT authorities to enforce consequences for unacceptable behaviour while providing safety/security support and resources, active allyship, and inclusive communications. Attempts to meaningfully increase safety/security cannot be done with a limited scope and siloed approach. For safer and more secure PT networks, PT authorities should consider a systems-level approach that supports multiple interconnected elements with appropriately-sized physical, financial, and personnel resources. Committing to a PT collective safety agreement will not provide overnight results; but such a system can provide lasting results over time. • LGBTQI + public transport riders face non-verbal, verbal, and physical violence. • Systemic safety/security improvements are derived from community-based safety. • Public transport authorities must establish and enforce behavioural expectations. • Clear, inclusive communication is necessary for effective anti-violence strategies. • Safety/security efforts cannot be siloed but call for a systems thinking framework.