Impingement Characteristics Investigation of Supercooled Large Droplets Based on Eulerian Method

This numerical simulation investigates the two‑phase flow under the condition of supercooled large droplets impinging on the aircraft surface. Based on Eulerian framework， a method for calculating supercooled water droplet impingement characteristics is established. Then， considering the deformation and breaking effects during the movement， this method is extended to calculate the impingement characteristics of supercooled large droplets， as well as the bouncing and splashing effects during impingement. The impingement characteristics of supercooled large droplets is then investigated by this method. The results demonstrate that the deformation and breaking effects of supercooled large droplets have negligible influence on the impingement characteristics under the experimental conditions of this paper. In addition， the results of the impingement range and collection efficiency decrease when considering the bouncing and splashing effects. The bouncing effect mainly affects the mass loss near the impingement limits， while the splashing effect influences the result around the stagnation point. This investigation is beneficial for the analysis of aircraft icing and the design of anti‑icing system with supercooled large droplet conditions.