Three-dimensional bioprinting techniques for cancer: organoid models and applications

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising technology for cancer research and treatment, offering unprecedented capabilities for fabricating complex tissue models and enabling personalized medicine. This review provides an overview of 3D bioprinting applications in cancer research, with a particular focus on organoid models. Organoid models, generated from patient-derived cells, have attracted considerable attention for their ability to reproduce the cellular and architectural complexity of tumors. The integration of 3D bioprinting technology into organoid generation allows precise assembly of multiple cell types, extracellular matrix components, and biomaterials, thereby enabling the creation of realistic tumor microenvironments. These bioprinted organoid models serve as valuable tools for studying cancer progression, conducting drug screening, and advancing personalized therapy.