THE HUMAN COST OF WAR AND EVERYDAY STRUGGLES OF THE COMMON MAN IN CONFLICT ZONES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Wars profoundly affect countries, bearing consequences that extend beyond the economy or army. This paper explores the social, psychological, healthcare, gender-specific, child, and refugee-related struggles faced by common people in the wake of armed conflicts, with a focus on evidence from global humanitarian organisations and academic studies. Research shows that wars destroy industries, reduce employment opportunities, and force millions into displacement, leading to loss of social stability. The psychological toll is equally severe, with increased rates of disorders, anxiety, and depression reported amongst adults and children in war zones. Additionally, limits in healthcare systems due to prolonged conflicts limit access to essential treatment, thus increasing the spread of preventable diseases. Gender dynamics and children’s lives also play a role; women and children face risks of sexual violence, and men are frequently forced into recruitment. Refugees are not safe either, as they are mostly exploited in their host countries. The findings demonstrate that civilians bear the highest costs of wars, underscoring the urgent need for global attention to their struggles.