Associations Between Vitamin D Status and Key Reproductive Hormones in Women of Reproductive Age

Vitamin D deficiency is currently recognized as a widespread condition among women of reproductive age. Vitamin D plays a critical role in maintaining female reproductive health, and insufficient levels in expectant mothers have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and low birth weight. Numerous studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency influences both insulin synthesis and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders, particularly among women who are overweight or obese.