5G Network Security Risks and Countermeasures in Power Industry Applications

Wireless communication systems have encountered security challenges since their inception. In the first-generation (1G) networks, mobile devices and wireless links were susceptible to illegal cloning and identity spoofing. Second-generation (2G) networks experienced a rise in message spamming, which facilitated large-scale attacks and the spread of misinformation and unwanted advertisements. Many of the security flaws in the fifth-generation (5G) networks originate from vulnerabilities inherited from LTE (Long-Term Evolution) systems, such as unauthorized data access, denial of service (DoS) attacks, data breaches, and audio surveillance. To address these issues, a variety of security enhancement methods have been proposed in recent years. This paper reviews several of these strategies, evaluating their effectiveness in mitigating threats based on defined assessment criteria.