Invisible identities, visible consequences: A systematic review of intersecting trajectories between disability and juvenile offenders

This systematic review explores the complex intersection of disability and juvenile offending, highlighting the systemic barriers that disproportionately affect disabled youth within the juvenile justice system. How inadequate support mechanisms, societal stigma, and misidentification of behavioral issues contribute to the over-representation of individuals with disabilities among juvenile offenders is addressed. Objectives: The primary objective of this review is to consolidate existing literature on the prevalence of disabilities among juvenile offenders and their impact on delinquent behavior. Specifically, it aims to identify risk factors associated with juvenile offending in disabled youth, evaluate the effectiveness of current intervention programs, and highlight gaps in research that inform policy and practice. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, focusing on studies that examine the relationship between disability and juvenile offending. The review employed a systematic approach, following PRISMA guidelines, to assess the quality of existing research and synthesize findings thematically. Results: The findings reveal that disabled youth face significant challenges, including limited access to mental health services, educational disruptions, and societal stigma, all of which exacerbate the risk of delinquency and recidivism. The review underscores the necessity of tailored interventions that address both behavioral concerns and the unique needs stemming from disabilities. It also identifies a lack of effective training for law enforcement and judicial personnel regarding disability awareness. Conclusion: This review advocates for a shift from punitive measures to rehabilitative approaches that empower disabled youth and promote their psychosocial well-being. It emphasizes the need for collaborative policy reform and the implementation of rights-based frameworks that enhance support for disabled juvenile offenders. By addressing these intersecting trajectories, stakeholders can foster a more inclusive and equitable juvenile justice system, ultimately reducing recidivism and improving outcomes for disabled youth.