Detection of Replay Attacks in Resource-Constrained IoT Edge Nodes: A Bitwise Dynamic Modular Trajectory Approach

This technical research report presents a "Lightweight Authentication" mechanism for resource-constrained IoT devices, eliminating the need for heavy encryption protocols (AES/RSA). The proposed Bitwise Dynamic Modular Trajectory approach verifies data integrity based on mathematical flow rather than data value. Key Validation Results: 100% Detection Rate: Successfully identified "Stealth Replay Attacks" where physical data limits were not violated. 0.00% False Positives: Demonstrated zero false alarms during honest data transmission. O(1) Complexity: Operates with minimal latency (<1 ms) on 8-bit/16-bit microcontrollers using only addition and modulo operations.