A Review of Environmental, Economic, and Application Aspects of Green Hydrogen Production Technologies

Hydrogen (H₂) has gained significant attention as a sustainable energy carrier capable of addressing climate change and energy security concerns. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the hydrogen value chain, technical and economic viability, environmental significance, and technology readiness level (TRL) of each system, highlighting their advantages and limitations Despite rapid progress, the widespread adoption of green hydrogen is constrained by high production costs, durability challenges, and infrastructural gaps. The review concludes by identifying potential pathways to reduce levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH), improving electrolyzer efficiency, and expanding the role of hydrogen in decarbonizing transportation and industrial sectors.