Do Digital Competencies Matter?

This study investigates how digital competencies shape the relationships between entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention among Generation Z in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach, 190 Gen Z respondents who had experienced entrepreneurship education completed an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling via Partial Least Squares was employed to test direct, mediating, and moderating effects. Results demonstrate that entrepreneurial education directly fosters entrepreneurial intention and significantly enhances self-efficacy, mediating the pathway from education to intention. Contrary to expectations, general digital competencies did not strengthen either the education intention or self-efficacy to entrepreneurial intention. These findings suggest confidence and hands-on educational experiences are critical for nurturing entrepreneurial resolve in Indonesian Gen Z. However, broad digital literacy alone may not translate into stronger entrepreneurial aspirations without targeted, business-specific digital skills. The study’s originality lies in examining digital competencies as a moderator within this demographic and context, addressing a gap in the literature on the role of digital fluency in entrepreneurial processes.