Psychometric Properties of the Short Index of Self-actualization Scale Among Iranian Adults

Background and Objectives: Self-actualization is a fundamental human drive that enables individuals to realize their potential and fulfill their needs. As individual growth becomes increasingly valued, valid tools to measure self-actualization are needed. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the short index of self-actualization scale (SIAS) in an Iranian adult sample. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 493 Iranian adults completed the Persian version of the 9-item SIAS. The adaptation process involved forward–backward translation, face and content validity assessment, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing. Model fit was evaluated using χ²/df, comparative fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), normed fit index (NFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Convergent validity was tested via correlation with the Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), and discriminant validity was tested using the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), test re-test Pearson correlation, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed reliability. Results: During content and face validity assessments, expert reviews led to minor wording changes in the Persian SIAS-9 (P-SIAS-9); however, all nine items were initially retained. Face validity was confirmed through feedback from target group members, while content validity was supported by expert judgment. However, CFA of the 9-item model indicated poor fit, and one item was removed due to low factor loading. The final 8-item model with four factors showed an acceptable fit (χ²/df=2.49, CFI=0.89, GFI=0.90, NFI=0.88, RMSEA=0.04). Cronbach’s α coefficients for the factors ranged from 0.71 to 0.75. Test re-test reliability over a 3-week interval was high (r=0.80–0.86; ICC=0.81–0.86). P-SIAS-9 scores correlated positively with life satisfaction and negatively with anxiety, supporting the scale’s construct validity. Conclusion: The Persian version of the SIAS-9 (P-SIAS-9) is a brief, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing self-actualization among Iranian adults. Future studies should validate the scale in other cultural contexts, thereby further supporting its generalizability and cross-cultural applicability