Impact of lifestyle factors on recurrence rates in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A case-control study

Recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains a major clinical challenge despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Hence, this case-control study evaluated the influence of lifestyle factors on NMIBC recurrence among 120 patients. Dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were analyzed using structured questionnaires. Patients with recurrence showed higher rates of smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and processed meat intake. Multivariate analysis identified these factors as independent predictors, suggesting that targeted lifestyle modification may help reduce recurrence risk.