Globalization and Its Political Interpretation: Marxist Critique vs Liberal Support

Globalization has emerged as one of the most transformative forces influencing contemporary political, economic and cultural relations across the world. Liberal scholars portray globalization as a catalyst for economic growth, technological advancement, the free flow of information and enhanced international cooperation, arguing that global integration promotes peace and shared prosperity. In contrast, Marxist theorists interpret globalization as a modern mechanism for capitalist expansion, reproducing economic exploitation, labour suppression and dependency of developing societies on dominant capitalist powers. This research paper investigates the political interpretations of globalization through both liberal and Marxist frameworks, critically examining their core assumptions, points of convergence, areas of divergence and limitations. The study concludes that although globalization creates immense opportunities for innovation, trade and development, it simultaneously reinforces structural inequalities at national and global levels. Therefore, the paper argues that effective regulatory frameworks and equitable distribution of global benefits are essential to achieve a just and inclusive global order.