Exploring agro waste as a sustainable reinforcement in biopolymer composites – a review

Composite materials have become indispensable across a wide array of sectors, ranging from aerospace and automotive to energy, marine engineering, infrastructure, and architecture, thanks to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratios. In the automotive and marine industry, high-performance composites are replacing conventional materials with enhanced durability and corrosion resistance. As demand for lighter, stronger, and more durable materials grows, composites continue to outpace traditional metals and ceramics. Despite this rapid expansion, the global supply of natural fibers cannot keep pace with burgeoning demand, which is increasing at an estimated rate of 60% per year. To harness their full potential, fibers must undergo a comprehensive process. Physico-chemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological characterization; surface treatments may be necessary to remove impurities or enhance interfacial adhesion when fibers exhibit insufficient roughness. To address both material scarcity and environmental concerns, this study identifies and characterizes a novel lignocellulosic fiber source derived from agricultural waste. By transforming residual biomass into high-value reinforcement materials, we not only expand the palette of natural fibers available for composite manufacturing but also contribute to waste reduction and promote a circular ‘waste-to-materials’ economy. This approach promises significant environmental benefits, paving the way for greener using an agricultural waste for sustainable applications.