Clinicopathological Study of Scrotal Lesions at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Scrotal masses, encompassing a range of benign and malignant conditions, present a significant clinical challenge due to their varied etiology and potential impact on male reproductive health. The evaluation and management of these masses require a comprehensive approach, integrating clinical, radiological, and histopathological assessments to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. Aim: To evaluate the histomorphological spectrums of neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions of the scrotum. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, five-year crosssectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology at Hindu Hridaysamrat Balasaheb Thackeray (H.B.T) Medical College and Dr. Rustom Narsi Cooper Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, over a period of one year from January 2018 to December 2022. A sample size of 129 cases was obtained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The specimens received in the Pathology laboratory were examined grossly and microscopically. Special stains were performed as per the requirement. Relevant clinical data (age, presenting complaints, duration, clinical diagnosis, laterality, nature of specimen, whether biopsy or resection) were obtained from the requisition forms submitted with the surgical specimens. All the findings were entered into a master chart, which was later used for further statistical evaluation with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: A total of 129 cases of testicular and scrotal lesions were received in the surgical histopathology section from 21787 cases over five years, which accounts for 0.59%. Only one case was with genital ambiguity, while the rest of the cases (n=128) were males. Out of 129 cases, 115 cases (89.14%) were non neoplastic, while only 14 cases (10.85%) were neoplastic. The maximum number of cases (50 cases, 38.75%) was seen in the age group of 16 to 35 years. Seventy seven cases (59.68%) had lesions of the testicular parenchyma and epididymis, 28 cases (21.7%) from the paratestis and the tunica and 24 cases (18.6%) from the scrotal sac. Right-sided involvement (63cases, 48.83%) was more common than the left side (57 cases, 44.18%). Conclusion: Non neoplastic lesions are commoner than neoplastic masses. Most of the non neoplastic lesions present similarly on physical examination, so radiological findings help in differentiating various lesions and guide further treatment. At times, neoplastic masses can mimic non neoplastic lesions. Accurate radiological intervention, history taking and clinical details can aid in diagnosis and appropriate surgical management.