Contribution has the study of the Impacts of industrial activities on the estuarine ecosystem of the Nunez River, Case of climatic parameters

Bauxite mining is a relevant source of economic and social development for countries that have this natural resource. It emerges from the findings and extensive literature reviews that this exploitation has direct impacts on estuarine ecosystems through the establishment of ports and mining industries, hence the opportunity of our study entitled " Contribution has the study of the impacts of industrial activities on the estuarine ecosystem of the Nunez River. The field observation indicates that despite the efforts made by the authorities through the competent institutions and investors, the reduction of environmental impacts caused by this mining often poses problems linked to a lack of capacity and means to deal with them, as revealed by our study carried out on the Nunez estuary. The hypothesis of our theme sufficiently proves that the negative effects of major pollutants in the Nunez River estuary due to the installation of industrial units, combined with the impacts linked to climate change affecting the locality, contribute to the dysfunction of the estuary, and consequently, to the reduction of opportunities and ecosystem services offered by the Nunez River. In addition, numerous studies have been conducted on air quality, the measurement of various physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, nitrites, suspended matter, dissolved solids and phosphate) as well as the identification and quantification of trace metal elements (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the waters of the Nunez River. However, given the high variability of the recorded values of these physicochemical parameters, the concentrations and potential toxicity reported in the literature for these elements, it seemed necessary to study them while addressing the climatic context in which these pollution processes take place. The European Water Framework Directive has set a monitoring for metals such as cadmium, lead, nickel and mercury. However, we find it interesting to expand our research to the 5 most listed metals in environmental studies and the characteristic parameters of water in general. Thus our general objective is to study the level of pollution and its impact on the functioning of the estuarine ecosystem of the Nunez River due to the installation and operation of industrial units taking into account the evolution of the climatic characteristics of the study area. with the following specific objectives: 1) Evaluate the impact of pollution on the ecology of the Nunez estuary taking into account the evolution of climatic conditions; 2) Propose mitigation and adaptation measures in accordance with the level of pollution. ). Thus eleven sampling sites served as a study framework. These samples were analyzed at the CERE / UGANC laboratory, and at the Guinéo Allemand analysis laboratory in Landréah in Conakry. We used World Bank data for the analysis of climate variability in our study area for the period 1950-2020. The results of all these detailed analyses are presented in Chapter 3. A summary of the results, operational perspectives and possible research are also mentioned.