Propagation Velocity of Angular Domino Chains Depends on the Size of the Momentum Carrier

This work reformulates the nature of material waves by distinguishing wave propagation from particle transport, a distinction frequently blurred in traditional interpretations. In surface water waves, sound waves, phonons in solids, plasma oscillations, and biological signaling, the constituent particles do not migrate with the advancing wavefront. To resolve this long-standing conceptual inconsistency, this paper proposes that a material wave is the domino-like transfer of a rotational angular-momentum pattern among closed-surface momentum carriers, rather than the movement of matter itself. Each carrier — whether an electron, ion, molecular cluster, or structural unit — transmits rotational momentum to a neighboring carrier through phase coupling of angular patterns. The propagation velocity is therefore not determined by particle inertia but by the size and continuity of the momentum carrier, following the conservation relation mrω=constant. When the momentum carrier is minimal (e.g., a single electron closed surface), the tangential pattern motion satisfies c=rω, producing light-speed conduction. When the carrier becomes larger or discontinuous, the propagation speed decreases correspondingly. This theoretical framework unifies a wide range of physical and biological phenomena — including water waves, acoustic waves, electric conduction, phonons in solids, ionic signaling in solutions, and neural excitation — as manifestations of rotational momentum resonance rather than mass migration. The general theory presented here provides a single physical principle underlying diverse conduction phenomena in liquids, solids, plasmas, metals, and living systems.