Crop Capacity and Grain–Beet Crop Rotation Productivity as a Result of 85-Year Application of Fertilizers under Conditions of the Central-Chernozem Region

Fertilizers applied during 85 years in the grain–beet crop rotation provided the most significant (by 12.0–71.0% to control) increase in the yield of barley and annual grasses using only the aftereffect of fertilizers, while with direct action of sugar beet in the fallow link (by 20.9–39.9%). There was a significant increase in the productivity of 1 ha of arable land (by 16.3–35.7% relative to the variant without fertilizers). It was proven that an increase in the fertilizer saturation of 1 ha of crop rotation area per 1 kg of NPK increased the yield of sugar beet to the greatest extent, and the yield of oats and winter wheat in the clover link was increased to the lowest extent. The highest productivity of 1 ha of arable land was provided by a system that included double application in the crop rotation of N135P135K135 for sugar beet in combination with manure of 25 t/ha in a pair (saturation with fertilizers was N30P30K30 + manure 2.8 t/ha).