Angular Domino Propagation Theory: A General Unification of Wave Phenomena in Space and Matter

This work presents the Angular Domino Propagation (ADP) Theory, a unified physical model in which all waves—electromagnetic, gravitational, acoustic, material, ionic, and neural—are reinterpreted as the domino-style transmission of rotational momentum patterns across networks of closed-surface momentum carriers. In this framework, matter does not move with the wavefront; instead, the angular state of each carrier updates sequentially, creating the appearance of propagation. Wave velocity is governed by a single rule: v=rω×C(structure) where r is the radius of the momentum carrier, ω its angular frequency, and C(structure) the degree of continuity in the carrier network. When the carrier is minimal, as in the electron closed surface, the tangential momentum saturates at c=r(min)⁡ω(max)⁡, providing a physical mechanism for the constancy of the speed of light and explaining why no wave exceeds c. Larger carriers produce slower waves, accounting for the observed hierarchy from EM waves to sound, phonons, water waves, ionic conduction, and neural signaling. ADP Theory resolves the paradox of wave propagation without mass transport and unifies “mechanical” and “non-mechanical” waves under a single geometric principle. It offers new interpretations of electrical resistance (as phase synchronization delay), superconductivity (as perfect structural continuity), melting (as collapse of continuity), and neural conduction (as protein-domain rotational pattern transfer). The theory also provides a physical mechanism underlying special relativity, giving new meaning to time dilation, length contraction, and the universal speed limit. This paper outlines the mathematical structure of ADP, reclassifies all wave types based on carrier scale and continuity, and presents experimentally testable predictions across physics, materials science, and biology.