Digital Battlefield Innovation Driven by AI and Satellite Communications: An Analysis of the CDAO-Based CJADC2-MUM-T Strategy

This paper analyzes the technology-organization-governance linkage structure for the effective implementation of manned-unmanned complex systems (MUM-T), focusing on the US Department of Defense’s Combined Joint Multi-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2) strategic framework. In particular, it examines how key organizations, including the Chief Digital and AI Officer (CDAO), the Office of the Under Secretary for Research and Engineering (USD R&E), the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), and the Chief Technology Officer (CTO), integrate AI, autonomy, 5G, low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications, semiconductors, and network technologies through their respective functions, and how they deploy the CJADC2-based MUM-T system in conjunction with demonstration projects such as the Advanced Battle Management System (ADAS), Project Convergence (Convergence in Integrated Combat Experiments), Project Overmatch (Overmatch in Integrated Combat Networks), and Mosaic Warfare. This study highlights the empirical link between advanced technology integration and strategic research and development (R&D) governance, including the Commercial Technology Offering (CSO) process that promotes civil-military collaboration, edge command and control in a decentralized battlefield environment, and strategies for expanding interoperability with NATO and ROK-US combined operations. In conclusion, we propose that MUM-T is a battlefield system based on convergent technologies, not a single technology, and that its implementation can be realized through the organic integration of technology ecosystems, organizational roles, and policy frameworks.