Determinants of Corporate Accounting System Effectiveness in Vietnam: Evidence on The Mediating Role of Firm Size

Abstract : In the context of global economic integration and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the effective implementation of accounting systems is a critical factor that enhances financial management capacity and competitiveness among Vietnamese enterprises, particularly during the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This study employs a mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. A total of 350 valid survey responses from enterprises were analyzed using Cronbach’s Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess accounting system effectiveness. The findings reveal that Accounting Technology, Accountant Competence, and Compliance with Accounting Standards exert significant positive effects on accounting system effectiveness. In contrast, Financial Resources and Organizational Culture influence system effectiveness primarily through firm size rather than direct effects. These results highlight that technological capability, professional competence, and regulatory compliance are the most decisive factors in improving accounting system performance. Based on the results, the study recommends that enterprises strengthen technological investment and digital transformation in accounting, enhance accountant training and international certification programs, and accelerate IFRS implementation.