Perceptions of local communities on Hann Bay and solutions for sustainable development

Socio-economic surveys conducted among local populations and workers in industrial units made it possible to involve key stakeholders in the decision-making process and to integrate their opinions, expectations, suggestions, and recommendations. The proposed solutions focus primarily on protective and preventive measures, enforcement of regulations, communication and awareness campaigns, acquisition of appropriate equipment, and monitoring–surveillance systems to support the rehabilitation of Hann Bay and ensure its long-term sustainability. These surveys were carried out in 2022 across eleven sites located in the municipalities of Hann-Bel Air, DalifortFoirail, Thiaroye-sur-Mer, Sicap Mbao, and Mbao. They provided a participatory platform that shed light on both the environmental and socio-economic challenges facing Hann Bay. The findings revealed that chemical pollution remains present in the bay, which may lead to contamination of fishery resources or push fish populations further offshore. The degradation of ecological conditions could also explain the frequent mortality of juvenile fish, particularly in areas such as Hann Marinas, Hann Pêcheurs, and Cité ISRA (see field observations, July 2022, Serigne Abdoul Aziz Ndaw). In this perspective, the study goes beyond a simple diagnostic to also propose an integrated set of solutions promoting sustainable development for the area. The target zone is home to nearly 500,000 residents, hundreds of industrial units—most of which lack adequate sanitation systems—as well as a wide range of local stakeholders, including community leaders and municipal council members. The data collection relied on both qualitative and quantitative approaches, using a combination of open-ended and closed-ended questions, the latter requiring respondents to answer with a simple “yes” or “no.”