Supermassive Black Holes as Cosmological Entropy Engines: Continuous Matter Creation in the Eternal Stationary Universe

Supermassive black holes act as long-term entropy engines. Through continuous, lowefficiency photon-to-baryon conversion in relativistic pre-horizon regions, they inject the mass required to maintain the baryon density and the CMB energy balance in an eternal universe. This process is a manifestation of the same law F = −mκ∇s with κ = (2.1 ± 0.3) × 10⁴⁷ m³ K⁻¹

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2025-11-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17704438
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Supermassive Black Holes as Cosmological Entropy Engines: Continuous Matter Creation in the Eternal Stationary Universe

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Supermassive Black Holes as Cosmological Entropy Engines: Continuous Matter Creation in the Eternal Stationary Universe

article en

Abstract

Supermassive black holes act as long-term entropy engines. Through continuous, lowefficiency photon-to-baryon conversion in relativistic pre-horizon regions, they inject the mass required to maintain the baryon density and the CMB energy balance in an eternal universe. This process is a manifestation of the same law F = −mκ∇s with κ = (2.1 ± 0.3) × 10⁴⁷ m³ K⁻¹

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
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Supermassive Black Holes as Cosmological Entropy Engines: Continuous Matter Creation in the Eternal Stationary Universe · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS