Infrared (IR) imaging in forensic medicine: review of applications and perspectives

This study evaluates the application of infrared (IR) photography in forensic medicine for detecting latent evidence, including bite marks, bloodstains, bruises, and tattoos. We conducted a literature review and included our own preliminary observations as illustrative examples. The review and case studies explored infrared imaging techniques, camera systems, and filter types. Key parameters such as wavelength and contrast enhancement were analyzed. The results demonstrated that infrared (IR) photography effectively revealed bloodstains beneath soot or paint, bruises on dark skin, and concealed tattoos. It also facilitated the detection of tire impressions and gunshot residues. While infrared (IR) imaging proved useful for identifying bloodstains on textiles, its effectiveness was limited on non-porous surfaces and in the presence of red pigments. Infrared (IR) photography remains a cost-effective tool in forensic investigations, although standardized protocols are still lacking. Future research should investigate advanced imaging techniques, such as high dynamic range (HDR) and near-infrared (NIR) photography, to further enhance forensic applications.