Sonographic-assisted evaluation and elemental-crystalline characterization of a dual-responsive chitosan hydrogel loaded with eupatorium odoratum for advanced wound therapy

This study presents the formulation and evaluation of a dual-responsive (pH and temperature-sensitive) chitosan hydrogel encapsulating Eupatorium odoratum extract, intended for enhanced wound healing. Elemental analysis using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the uniform distribution of encapsulated actives. EDX revealed significant presence of C, O, and N, indicative of chitosan and plant bioactives. Sonographic imaging demonstrated the controlled hydrogel release behavior in simulated soft tissue, with grayscale intensity decreasing from 62.1 (0 min) to 20.2 (4 hrs), confirming diffusion dynamics. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) assessed the thermal stability and decomposition pattern of the hydrogel. These findings support the potential of integrating sonography, EDX, and TGA for evaluating nanostructured wound healing systems.