Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost Automated Handwashing Station for Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Benin

The need for hygienic and contact-free handwashing in public and institutional settings has become increasingly essential, as traditional manual washing methods often lead to inconsistent washing duration, excessive water consumption, and increased risk of cross-contamination. This study presents the design, fabrication, and installation of a low-cost automated hand-washing station that integrates infrared sensing, relay-controlled sequential timing, and a 12-V DC actuation system to deliver touch-free soap dispensing, rinsing, and air-drying. The prototype was constructed using locally sourced materials, including a wooden framework, PVC plumbing, water pump, and blower assembly, and was modeled using computer-aided design to determine component dimensions and flow requirements. Experimental evaluation was conducted under standard indoor laboratory conditions with 10 volunteer users, each performing two complete washing cycles (20 trials total). Washing time was measured using a stopwatch, and water usage was recorded with a calibrated volumetric container to verify control accuracy and repeatability. The system consistently executed its programmed cycle with stable timing and reliable sensor response, demonstrating effective contactless operation and efficient water regulation. With its low power demand, accessible components, and simple control architecture, this prototype offers a scalable and adaptable hygiene solution suitable for schools, hospitals, and public facilities, particularly in resource-constrained environments.